COVID-19 resources

Our analysis adds to the evidence that BAME people are at increased risk of death from COVID-19 even after adjusting for geographical region.

With data on COVID-19 in BAME populations emerging daily, this rapid review aimed to evaluate the evidence on plausible associations between ethnicity and COVID-19 incidence and adverse health outcomes in the general population and people working in health and social care.

This briefing looks at how coronavirus is impacting Black and Asian women and women from ethnic minority backgrounds. The briefing is published jointly with Women's Budget Group, Queen Mary University of London and the London School of Economics.

This article sets out some of the key points emerging from recent research on COVID-19 and health inequalities. It reviews the evidence that black and minority ethnic communities are at greater risk of catching and dying from the virus. It also considers the reasons why these groups are at greater risk.

The COVID-19 pandemic has affected some sections of the population more than others, and there are growing concerns that the UK’s minority ethnic groups are being disproportionately affected.

The question of why more people from black and ethnic minority (BME) backgrounds appear to be at greater risk of hospitalisation and deaths with COVID-19 – and the need for urgent action in order to address this - has become one of the most urgent issues in this pandemic in the UK. Our review of the evidence suggests that the reasons why some BME groups appear to be at greater risk of dying with COVID-19 are complex with interplay between socio-economic disadvantage in BME populations, high prevalence of chronic diseases and the impact of long-standing racial inequalities being key explanations.

We examined whether the greater severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) amongst men and Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic (BAME) individuals is explained by cardiometabolic, socio-economic or behavioural factors.

Counts and ratios of coronavirus-related deaths by ethnic group, England and Wales

People from Asian and black groups are at markedly increased risk of in-hospital death from COVID-19, and contrary to some prior speculation this is only partially attributable to pre-existing clinical risk factors or deprivation.

Runnymede Trust report on fhe amplification of racial and socioeconomic inequalities by COVID-19, and the barriers to shielding faced by BME individuals.

This is a descriptive review of surveillance data on disparities in the risk and outcomes from COVID-19. The review looked at different factors including: age and sex; where people live; deprivation; ethnicity; people’s occupation; care home residence.

A summary of stakeholder insights into factors affecting the impact of coronavirus (COVID-19) on black, Asian and minority ethnic (BAME) communities.

Clinical characteristics and determinants of outcomes for hospitalised COVID-19 patients in the UK are important to guide the national response to this current pandemic and emerging evidence suggests ethnic minorities might be disproportionately affected.

We look at the evidence for increased risk for black, Asian and minority ethnic doctors and provide advice about what workplace support to expect, suggest actions for employers, and explain what the BMA is doing.

Editorial suggests PHE review of disparities in covid-19 deaths represents a "serious missed opportunity".

Our report shows that a significant number of health and social care workers are dying during this pandemic. Overall the rate of deaths appears to be largely consistent with the number of healthcare workers in the population and the distributions by occupation and geography are largely as expected. However, individuals of black and minority ethnicity are notably over-represented in the data.

In the UK, a large proportion of health and care staff come from ethnic minorities and some are dying at a much higher rate than white staff. The same is true in the general population.

There has been much concern that more black, Asian and minority ethnic (BAME) people have died with Covid-19 than the proportion of BAME people in the population as a whole. Alongside troubling reports of very high numbers of BAME NHS staff deaths, Public Health England have announced a review into ethnicity as a risk factor during the pandemic.

This briefing considers the evidence on the impact of COVID-19 on black and minority ethnic (BME) communities and health and care staff. It explores potential underlying factors, recommends areas for improvement and offers practical advice on how to mitigate risks.

To support employers in carrying out risk assessments for vulnerable groups, including BME staff, two new resources have been developed.

We know there is evidence of disproportionate mortality and morbidity amongst black, Asian and minority ethnic (BAME) people, including our NHS staff, who have contracted COVID-19. The key areas of focus for NHS England and NHS Improvement are below.